@COMMENT This file was generated by bib2html_grace.pl <https://sourceforge.net/projects/bib2html/> version 0.94
@COMMENT written by Patrick Riley <https://sourceforge.net/users/patstg/>
@COMMENT This file was prepared using the NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
@COMMENT https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/
@ARTICLE{2014ESRv..136..289A,
       author = {{Ahmed}, Mohamed and {Sultan}, Mohamed and {Wahr}, John and {Yan}, Eugene},
        title = "{The use of GRACE data to monitor natural and anthropogenic induced variations in water availability across Africa}",
      journal = {Earth Science Reviews},
     keywords = {GRACE, TWS, Africa, Water availability, Climate change, Anthropogenic effects},
         year = 2014,
        month = sep,
       volume = {136},
        pages = {289-300},
     abstract = "{Inter-annual trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) were extracted
        from monthly (01/2003-09/2012) Gravity Recovery and Climate
        Experiment (GRACE) data acquired over Africa and correlated (in
        a geographic information system [GIS] environment) with relevant
        temporal remote sensing, geologic, and hydrologic datasets.
        Findings include the following: (1) large sectors of Africa are
        undergoing statistically significant TWS variations (+ 44 mm/yr
        to - 15 mm/yr) due to natural and anthropogenic causes; (2)
        warming of the tropical Atlantic Ocean apparently intensified
        Atlantic monsoons and increased precipitation and TWS over
        western and central Africa; (3) warming in the central Indian
        Ocean decreased precipitation and TWS over eastern Africa; (4)
        the high frequency of flooding events increased TWS over the
        Zambezi and Okavango basins; (5) extraction of fossil
        groundwater decreased TWS over the Saharan aquifers; (6)
        deforestation decreased TWS in three subbasins (Ubangi, Congo,
        and Sangha) of the Congo River Basin; and (7) the construction
        of dams increased TWS in the Blue Nile and Atbara subbasins.
        Given the 10 years of monthly GRACE data acquired on the
        subbasin scale across the globe, as well as the plans underway
        for deployment of a GRACE-FO and GRACE-II, using GRACE-derived
        TWS data should be considered an alternative, viable index for
        measuring temporal and spatial variations in water availability.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.05.009},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ESRv..136..289A},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}