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@ARTICLE{2026ESS...1305082L,
       author = {{Li}, Xiaolong and {Kusche}, J{\"u}rgen and {Jin}, Taoyong and {Zhong}, Yulong and {Gutknecht}, Benjamin Daniel},
        title = "{A GRACE/-FO-Based Framework for Improved Reproduction of Water-Balance-Constrained Evapotranspiration Across Hydroclimatic Regimes}",
      journal = {Earth and Space Science},
     keywords = {GRACE, evapotranspiration, water budget, ENSO},
         year = 2026,
        month = aug,
       volume = {13},
       number = {8},
          eid = {e2026EA005082},
        pages = {e2026EA005082},
     abstract = "{Diagnosing monthly evapotranspiration (ET) under water--balance
        constraints is essential for understanding land--atmosphere
        interactions and managing water resources under changing climate
        conditions. Since 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate
        Experiment (GRACE) and its successor GRACE Follow--On
        (GRACE/--FO) missions have provided precise observations of
        terrestrial water storage, enabling improved constraints on
        large--scale water balance. Building on these advances, we
        develop a GRACE/--FO--constrained diagnostic to framework to
        reproduce monthly ET derived from water--balance
        (ET$_{Budget}$). The framework that applies the one--parameter
        Budyko formulation during dry (water--limited) months and the
        two--parameter power--law formulation during wet (energy--
        limited) months, with the aridity index distinguishing between
        them. The framework is evaluated across 297 major river basins
        using ET$_{Budget}$ as a reference and compared with
        conventional Budyko--only approaches. Results show that,
        relative to the Budyko--only approaches, the proposed framework
        substantially reduces deviations from ET$_{Budget}$, especially
        in 189 humid basins, while maintaining robust performance in 15
        arid and 93 semi--arid regions. The proposed framework yields
        mean annual ET and P--ET of 612.5 and 191.4 mm yr$^{-1}$ over
        major river basins, respectively, showing no significant long--
        term trends but distinct spatial patterns and contrasting
        responses to the El Ni{\~n}o--Southern Oscillation phases. These
        findings highlight the value of the proposed framework as a
        diagnostic tool for improving the representation of monthly
        water--balance ET across diverse hydroclimatic conditions.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2026EA005082},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026E&SS...1305082L},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}