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@ARTICLE{2026ESSD...18.6589T,
       author = {{Tang}, Miao and {Han}, Shin-Chan and {Yeo}, In-Young and {Khaki}, Mehdi and {Papanikolaou}, Thomas Loudis and {Yang}, Xinghai},
        title = "{Global satellite gravity data products for prompt detection of short-term Mass Change (MC)}",
      journal = {Earth System Science Data},
         year = 2026,
        month = sep,
       volume = {18},
       number = {9},
        pages = {6589-6611},
     abstract = "{We present the globally available dataset of Line-of-sight Gravity
        Differences (LGD) as a new data product to fill the long-
        standing gap of investigating sub-monthly surface mass change
        from the satellite gravimetry along-track perspective. The
        dataset is generated directly from Gravity Recovery and Climate
        Experiment Follow-on (GRACE-FO) Level-1B intersatellite ranging
        observations, positioned conceptually between Level-1B
        measurements and Level-2 monthly gravity field solutions.
        Provided as along-track time series, LGD delivers instantaneous
        gravity change at satellite altitude, thus ensuring the fidelity
        of measurements by avoiding the complex preprocessing,
        regularization, and filtering applied to monthly products. The
        instantaneous LGD measurements enable monitoring of sub-monthly
        terrestrial water storage variability and provide accurate
        information on timing and magnitude of water mass changes.
        GRACE-FO's ground track allows LGD retrievals every 5--6 d in
        most low and mid latitude regions, while the revisit interval
        becomes shorter toward higher latitudes. Our LGD data products
        also contain climatology in the form of along-track gravity
        variations. We demonstrate its potential through case studies,
        including along-track diagnosis of flash drought evolution in
        the southeastern United States and the characterization of sub-
        monthly hydrological extremes in global hotspots. Results show
        that the LGD dataset has the potential to resolve the critical
        timing (e.g., onset and peak) of hydrological extremes, which is
        unattainable from monthly products. The LGD dataset is available
        at 10.5281/zenodo.17766177 (Tang et al., 2025a), which is
        expected to pave the way for advances in sub-monthly
        hydrological monitoring and can serve as a unique constraint for
        hydrological and geophysical models, opening new opportunities
        for Earth system sciences.}",
          doi = {10.5194/essd-18-6589-2026},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026ESSD...18.6589T},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}