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@ARTICLE{2026GMD....19.2257W,
       author = {{Wu}, Songjun and {Tetzlaff}, Doerthe and {Zheng}, Yi and {Soulsby}, Chris},
        title = "{EcoTWIN 1.0: a fully distributed tracer-aided ecohydrological model tracking water, isotopes, and nutrients}",
      journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
         year = 2026,
        month = mar,
       volume = {19},
       number = {6},
        pages = {2257-2278},
     abstract = "{The value of stable water isotopes in constraining process
        representation in hydrological models is well acknowledged with
        numerous tracer-aided hydrological models developed in recent
        years, yet few have leveraged these benefits for more robust
        water quality modelling. Therefore, we introduce EcoTWIN, a
        fully distributed tracer-aided ecohydrological model that
        simultaneously tracks water, isotope, and nutrient fluxes. A
        thorough model test was conducted by calibrating EcoTWIN against
        discharge, in-stream isotopes, and NO$_{3}$─N concentrations
        (1980─2024) in 17 large-scale ({}10$^{3}$─{}10$^{5}$ km$^{2}$)
        European catchments spanning a wide range of geographic and
        climatic gradients. Furthermore, three reanalysis products (ERA5
        snow depth, MODIS evapotranspiration, and GRACE surface water
        anomaly) were employed to further validate the capacity of
        EcoTWIN to reproduce associated but uncalibrated internal water
        fluxes. Results showed good model performance of both calibrated
        in-stream targets and uncalibrated internal fluxes in most
        catchments. Therefore, we conclude that EcoTWIN is a flexible,
        transferable modelling tool for prediction and process inference
        in terrestrial ecosystems ranging from boreal to subtropic
        climates. Constrained by tracer simulations, the model not only
        captures the celerity, but also the velocity of hydrological
        fluxes, thus providing spatio-temporally-explicit estimations of
        water ages and travel times. Such information provides
        opportunities to bridge catchment hydrology and water quality by
        linking travel times with biogeochemical processing kinetics. We
        demonstrate this with a proof of concept using Damk{\"o}hler
        Number in nitrogen modelling.}",
          doi = {10.5194/gmd-19-2257-2026},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026GMD....19.2257W},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}