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@ARTICLE{2026GeoJI.245..059W,
       author = {{Willen}, M.~O. and {Uebbing}, B. and {Horwath}, M. and {Kusche}, J.},
        title = "{Improving the representation of the ice-sheet contribution to sea level within a global inversion framework}",
      journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
     keywords = {Global change from geodesy, Satellite geodesy, Sea level change, Time variable gravity},
         year = 2026,
        month = apr,
       volume = {245},
       number = {1},
          eid = {ggag059},
        pages = {ggag059},
     abstract = "{The joint use of data from GRACE-like gravity missions and various ocean
        altimetry missions in a global inversion approach allows to
        quantify the individual contributions to global and regional sea
        level budgets. However, the contribution from the Antarctic Ice
        Sheet (AIS) is subject to large uncertainties mainly depending
        on the applied strategy to account for effects due to glacial
        isostatic adjustment (GIA). The large uncertainty of GIA affects
        estimates of AIS contributions as well as other elements of sea
        level budgets. Here, we investigate strategies to improve the
        representation of AIS mass changes within an existing global
        inversion framework. The framework employs pre-defined, time-
        invariant spatial patterns, the so-called fingerprints, for
        representing the individual sea-level budget components,
        including AIS contributions. We improve this inversion method by
        including additional observations of satellite altimetry over
        ice sheets, and by further developing the parametrization of AIS
        ice mass changes. We extend from a basin-wise spatial resolution
        to a parametrization that resolves time-variable ice mass
        changes at about 50 km, enabling a better localization of the
        AIS contributions to global and regional sea level change. From
        real-data experiments, we obtain ice mass balance estimates that
        are well within the uncertainty bounds of published reconciled
        estimates utilizing similar data sets. In particular, inclusion
        of ice altimetry improves the spatial resolution and at the same
        time keeps the global inversion results in line with those from
        regional GRACE analyses. We find differences between inversion
        results with and without including ice altimetry as an
        additional observation. These differences are smaller for the
        time period after 2010 with the availability of CryoSat-2
        altimetry having improved sensor technology and high-latitude
        coverage. This indicates that these differences are caused by
        ice altimetry errors, whose further characterization and
        consideration within the estimation remains a future task.
        Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the differences
        suggests that they are also related to GIA errors. The improved
        representation of ice sheets in the global framework developed
        here provides a pre-requisite for working towards minimizing
        GIA-related errors while assessing the ice sheets' mass balance.}",
          doi = {10.1093/gji/ggag059},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026GeoJI.245..059W},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}