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@ARTICLE{2026HydJ..tmp...36M,
       author = {{Mizan}, Syed Adil and {Paswan}, Abhilash K. and {Tiwari}, V.~M.},
        title = "{Shrinking groundwater in India's population epicentre}",
      journal = {Hydrogeology Journal},
     keywords = {Groundwater management, Groundwater storage, Alluvial aquifer, Upper Ganga Basin, India},
         year = 2026,
        month = feb,
     abstract = "{The Upper Ganga Basin (UGB) in Uttar Pradesh, one of the most populous
        regions in India, has experienced a continuous decline in
        groundwater levels over recent decades. On the basis of in situ
        observations, simulations show that the western part of Uttar
        Pradesh and several districts of southern Uttarakhand (covering
        an area of \raisebox{-0.5ex}\textasciitilde 150,229 km$^{2}$)
        has lost an estimated 62 km$^{3}$ of groundwater during
        2005-2023, which is five times the storage capacity of India's
        largest reservoir. GRACE satellite-derived estimates of
        groundwater storage change also corroborate with the estimated
        rate of groundwater decline featuring a correlation coefficient
        of 0.8 with in situ data. The present study reveals that
        frequent droughts in the area have reduced natural recharge from
        rainfall and increased groundwater abstraction. Groundwater
        abstraction from confined aquifers contributes towards
        \raisebox{-0.5ex}\textasciitilde 42\% of the total groundwater
        abstraction, which has increased over time as the number of deep
        tube wells has surged exponentially. To mitigate such a
        predicament, urgent action is required for sustainable
        management of groundwater, which can be achieved by changing
        agricultural practices (such as crop rotation), rejuvenating
        surface water bodies, developing managed aquifer recharge sites
        and adopting appropriate water use and management policies
        across local to state levels.}",
          doi = {10.1007/s10040-026-03033-2},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026HydJ..tmp...36M},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}