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@ARTICLE{2026JGRB..13132730R,
       author = {{Rajewar}, Shubham K. and {Gahalaut}, Vineet K. and {B{\"u}rgmann}, Roland and {Puviarasan}, N. and {Krishnan}, K.~C. Sai and {Bhu}, Harsh and {Purohit}, Ritesh and {Roy}, P.~N.~S. and {Dore}, Bastein and {Yadav}, Rajeev K. and {Mondal}, Saroj K. and {Catherine}, Joshi K. and {Mohanty}, Aditya and {Ajeesha}, A. and {Naidu}, M.~S. and {Rao}, V. Rajeshwara},
        title = "{Present-Day Tectonic and Non-Tectonic Crustal Deformation of and Around the Indian Plate From GNSS and GRACE Measurements}",
      journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth)},
     keywords = {Indian plate, GNSS measurements, strain rate, tectonic- Nontectonic deformation, groundwater depletion, GRACE},
         year = 2026,
        month = feb,
       volume = {131},
       number = {2},
          eid = {e2025JB032730},
        pages = {e2025JB032730},
     abstract = "{We use continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements
        from >1600 sites on and around the Indian subcontinent,
        including 64 sites in the Indian plate interior, to estimate
        site motions and their seasonal variations. Stations in the
        Himalayan and Indo-Burmese plate boundary zones exhibit rapid
        velocities (15─20 mm/year with respect to the Indian plate) and
        correspondingly higher strain rates (70─100
        {\ensuremath{\eta}}strain/year). We find that the southern part
        of the plate interior is more stable, with residual motions <1
        mm/year. Although the northern part of the plate interior
        appears more deformable ({\ensuremath{\sim}}2 mm/year), there is
        no clear fragmentation of the Indian plate. The southern part
        exhibits a low shear strain of {\ensuremath{\sim}}1
        {\ensuremath{\eta}}strain/year, while the northwestern India
        region, referred to as the Rajputana block lying west of the
        Aravalli Delhi Fold Belt (ADFB), consistently shows a higher
        shear strain rate of >2 {\ensuremath{\eta}}strain/year and
        higher southward motion with respect to the region to the east.
        Such a motion is consistent with sinistral shear along the ADFB
        and {\ensuremath{\sim}}north-south contraction across the
        Kachchh failed rift in the south, explaining the higher
        earthquake productivity in Gujarat. Long-term vertical rates on
        the Indian plate are low except in the northwestern region where
        Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) measurements
        show negative equivalent water height changes and GNSS
        measurements record uplift, caused by the depletion of
        groundwater storage. Seasonal variations in the GNSS and GRACE
        data distinctly show the influence of hydrological loading on
        land movement. After the monsoon, the entire hydrological load
        seems to be centered in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the
        central-east India region.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2025JB032730},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026JGRB..13132730R},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}