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@COMMENT written by Patrick Riley <https://sourceforge.net/users/patstg/>
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@ARTICLE{2026JGeod.100...20L,
       author = {{Lemoine}, Jean-Michel and {Bourgogne}, St{\'e}phane and {G{\'e}gout}, Pascal and {Reinquin}, Franck and {Marty}, Jean-Charles and {Mercier}, Flavien and {Loyer}, Sylvain and {Bruinsma}, Sean and {Balmino}, Georges},
        title = "{22 years of time-variable gravity field determination from GRACE and GRACE Follow-On: the CNES/GRGS RL05 solution}",
      journal = {Journal of Geodesy},
     keywords = {GRACE, GRACE-FO, Time-variable gravity field, K band ranging, Satellite laser ranging, Hydrology, Oceanography, Cryosphere, Earthquakes, Engineering, Geomatic Engineering},
         year = 2026,
        month = feb,
       volume = {100},
       number = {2},
          eid = {20},
        pages = {20},
     abstract = "{The GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions aim to track temporal
        changes in Earth's gravity field. Using data from these
        missions, CNES/GRGS has produced the ``RL05'' satellite-only
        series of geopotential solutions in spherical harmonics up to
        degree and order 90. These solutions are available at both
        monthly and 10-day temporal resolutions, covering the period
        from April 2002 to July 2025. These solutions were derived using
        a distinct processing strategy{\textemdash}particularly with
        respect to background models and solution stabilization
        techniques{\textemdash}compared to those adopted by most other
        groups involved in GRACE/GRACE-FO data processing. Nevertheless,
        the core parameter estimation approach remains fundamentally the
        same. The main differences with other processing centers are the
        combination of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data from geodetic
        satellites with GRACE data at the normal equation level (and not
        as a substitution of low-degree SH coefficients) and the use of
        truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) for the time-
        variable gravity (TVG) field solution. Examination of TVG time
        series over test areas such as the Caspian Sea and Iceland
        demonstrates the advantages of TSVD resolution over conventional
        unconstrained methods such as Cholesky decomposition, which
        require post-processing filtering. The DDK5 filter, for
        instance, produces a strong decrease in the restored signal from
        spherical harmonic degree 50, compared to approximately degree
        70 for the TSVD solution. Our TSVD solution is also compared to
        mascon solutions, showing a commensurability of the signal
        content of the solutions, with the advantage of not relying on
        geophysical assumptions and of providing, on the oceans, a less
        constrained solution than mascons. Finally, an evaluation of the
        noise of these different solutions is carried out by estimating
        and comparing the errors of the solutions on the regions where
        the TVG signal is particularly weak. The noise is estimated at
        the level of 1.0 to 4.6 cm equivalent water height (EWH),
        depending on the resolution, for the DDK5-filtered RL06
        solutions from CSR, JPL and GFZ, and at the level of 0.9─3.3 cm
        EWH for the COST-G, TUGRAZ and CNES-RL05-TSVD solutions.}",
          doi = {10.1007/s00190-026-02040-1},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026JGeod.100...20L},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}