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Centimeter Precision Geoid Model for Jeddah Region (Saudi Arabia)

Borghi, Alessandra, Barzaghi, Riccardo, Al-Bayari, Omar, and Al Madani, Suhail, 2020. Centimeter Precision Geoid Model for Jeddah Region (Saudi Arabia). Remote Sensing, 12(12):2066, doi:10.3390/rs12122066.

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@ARTICLE{2020RemS...12.2066B,
       author = {{Borghi}, Alessandra and {Barzaghi}, Riccardo and {Al-Bayari}, Omar and {Al Madani}, Suhail},
        title = "{Centimeter Precision Geoid Model for Jeddah Region (Saudi Arabia)}",
      journal = {Remote Sensing},
     keywords = {geoid undulation, hybrid geoid, least squares collocation, satellite-only GGMs, GOCE, GGMs, Jeddah},
         year = 2020,
        month = jun,
       volume = {12},
       number = {12},
          eid = {2066},
        pages = {2066},
     abstract = "{In 2014, the Jeddah Municipality made a call for an estimate of a
        centimetric precision geoid model to be used for engineering and
        surveying applications, because the regional geoid model
        available at that time did not reach a sufficient precision. A
        project was set up to this end and dedicated sets of gravity and
        Global Positioning System (GPS)/levelling data were acquired in
        the framework of this project. In this paper, a thorough
        analysis of these newly acquired data and of the last available
        Global Gravity Field Models (GGMs) has been done in order to
        obtain a geoid undulation estimate with the prescribed
        precision. In the framework of the Remove-Compute-Restore (RCR)
        approach, the collocation method was used to obtain the height
        anomaly estimation that was then converted to geoid undulation.
        The remove and restore steps of the RCR approach were based on
        GGMs, derived from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean
        Circulation Explorer (GOCE) and Gravity Recovery and Climate
        Experiment (GRACE) dedicated gravity satellite missions, which
        were used to improve the long wavelength components of the
        Earth's gravity field. Furthermore, two different quasi-geoid
        collocation estimates were computed, based on gravity data only
        and on gravity plus GPS/levelling data (the so-called hybrid
        estimate). The best solutions were obtained with the hybrid
        geoid estimate. This was tested by comparison with an
        independent set of GPS/levelling geoid undulations that were not
        included in the computed solutions. By these tests, the
        precision of the hybrid geoid is estimated to be 3.7 cm. This
        precision proved to be better, by a factor of two, than the
        corresponding one estimated from the pure gravimetric geoid.
        This project has been also useful to verify the importance and
        reliability of GGMs developed from the last satellite gravity
        missions (GOCE and GRACE) that have significantly improved our
        knowledge of the long wavelength components of the Earth's
        gravity field, especially in areas with poor coverage of
        terrestrial gravity data. In fact, the geoid models based on
        satellite-only GGMs proved to have a better performance, despite
        the lower spatial resolution with respect to high-resolution
        models (i.e., Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM2008)).}",
          doi = {10.3390/rs12122066},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020RemS...12.2066B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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