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Unique episodic groundwater recharge event in a South American sedimentary aquifer and its long-term impact on baseflow

Dambros Melati, Maur\'ıcio, Mainardi Fan, Fernando, Barbosa Athayde, Gustavo, Roehe Reginato, Pedro Antônio, Collischonn, Walter, and de Vasconcelos Muller Athayde, Camila, 2021. Unique episodic groundwater recharge event in a South American sedimentary aquifer and its long-term impact on baseflow. Hydrological Processes, 35(10):e14388, doi:10.1002/hyp.14388.

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@ARTICLE{2021HyPr...35E4388D,
       author = {{Dambros Melati}, Maur{\'\i}cio and {Mainardi Fan}, Fernando and {Barbosa Athayde}, Gustavo and {Roehe Reginato}, Pedro Ant{\^o}nio and {Collischonn}, Walter and {de Vasconcelos Muller Athayde}, Camila},
        title = "{Unique episodic groundwater recharge event in a South American sedimentary aquifer and its long-term impact on baseflow}",
      journal = {Hydrological Processes},
         year = 2021,
        month = oct,
       volume = {35},
       number = {10},
          eid = {e14388},
        pages = {e14388},
     abstract = "{The anomalous entrance of water into groundwater systems can affect
        storage throughout long periods and normally relies on
        infrequent and irregular pulses of groundwater recharge defined
        by the term episodic recharge. Recently there was a groundwater
        recharge of large magnitude with unknown circumstances in the
        Caiu{\'a} aquifer. This unique event was explored in detail here
        and allowed to better understand the occurrence of such events
        in humid subtropical climates in South America. For this study,
        groundwater monitoring daily data from the Integrated
        Groundwater Monitoring Network was used combined with a specific
        yield obtained from geophysical wireline logging to obtain
        groundwater recharge rates. To improve the investigation, we
        also used a baseflow separation method to obtain the groundwater
        contribution into local rivers. The groundwater storage
        variations were also assessed by remote sensing with the GRACE
        data. Results showed the importance of high soil moisture
        storage on the occurrence of large episodic recharge events. We
        estimated that the groundwater recharger volumes derived from 1
        year that included the unique episodic recharge observed (total
        of 866 mm for April 2015-March 2016) were comparable with the
        sum of 7 years of groundwater recharge (total of 867 mm).
        Atypical rainfall in winter periods were responsible for the
        increase in soil moisture that explained that unique event.
        GRACE-based GWS showed concordance detecting the occurrence of
        the unique episodic recharge. However, the variation in terms of
        volumes obtained by GRACE does not represent the behaviour
        observed in the aquifer by the WTF method. The results also
        indicated that changes in aquifer storage caused by episodic
        recharge events directly affect low flows in rivers over long
        periods. The main knowledge gap addressed here relates to
        exploring a unique episodic recharge event quite rare to observe
        with its long-term impacts on hydroclimatic variability over a
        humid subtropical portion of the Caiu{\'a} aquifer.}",
          doi = {10.1002/hyp.14388},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021HyPr...35E4388D},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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