Mon Oct 13, F. Flechtner
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Ma, Zhongtian and Fok, Hok Sum, 2023. Gravimetry-based terrigenous freshwater extension in the southwestern South China Sea and its response to monsoon under ENSO. Science of the Total Environment, 857:159583, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159583.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2023ScTEn.85759583M,
author = {{Ma}, Zhongtian and {Fok}, Hok Sum},
title = "{Gravimetry-based terrigenous freshwater extension in the southwestern South China Sea and its response to monsoon under ENSO}",
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
keywords = {Oceanic freshwater extension, GRACE, Wavelet analysis, Monsoon, ENSO},
year = 2023,
month = jan,
volume = {857},
eid = {159583},
pages = {159583},
abstract = "{Terrigenous discharge represents a mass movement from land to oceanic
environment. While previous studies characterized terrigenous
freshwater via oceanographic (physical and biochemical) data,
the persistent fresh water in the far-field ocean via satellite-
gravimetric observation has been rarely explored. This paper
aims to characterize the spatiotemporal extension of Mekong
freshwater and the interchangeable role of runoff and climatic
factors in the southwestern South China Sea. Employing wavelet
coherence analysis between the in situ runoff and oceanic
freshwater variations inferred from satellite gravimetry, the
coherence and transport duration were obtained at annual, intra-
and inter-annual time scales during 2003{\textendash}2015.
Despite weak relationship at 6-month and 24-month scales in
regions away from the estuary, the two time series remained
significantly correlated at the 12-month scale with a highly
positive coherence over 0.97. Spatial pattern of the annual
transport duration further indicated that freshwater firstly
flowed alongshore before turning eastward offshore,
qualitatively consistent with the northeastward western boundary
current and an anticyclonic eddy during the summertime generated
from the ocean circulation model. Using partial wavelet
coherence, the time-variable relationship at all these three
scales was found closely related to the Indian Monsoon and
Western North Pacific Monsoon. A series of alternating ENSO
events during 2007{\textendash}2011 were responsible for the
inter-annual variations, contributing <5 \% to the seasonal
freshwater extension. Compared with the averaged transport
duration of the isotope method (i.e., 21.5 days) and the
geostrophic current computation (i.e., 38.8 days) in the summer
of 2007, our method yielded a comparable transport duration of
23.9 days with smaller uncertainties. The wind-driven Ekman
transport, however, was primarily responsible for the
anticyclonic movement of freshwater transport in the
southwestern South China Sea during late summer.}",
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159583},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ScTEn.85759583M},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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