Fri Apr 10, F. Flechtner
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Omidvar, Kamal, Nabavizadeh, Masoume, Rousta, Iman, and Olafsson, Haraldur, 2024. Remote Sensing–Based Drought Monitoring in Iran's Sistan and Balouchestan Province. Atmosphere, 15(10):1211, doi:10.3390/atmos15101211.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2024Atmos..15.1211O,
author = {{Omidvar}, Kamal and {Nabavizadeh}, Masoume and {Rousta}, Iman and {Olafsson}, Haraldur},
title = "{Remote Sensing-Based Drought Monitoring in Iran's Sistan and Balouchestan Province}",
journal = {Atmosphere},
keywords = {vegetation drought indices, TSDI index, GLDAS precipitation data, climate change, groundwater, Sistan and Balouchestan Province},
year = 2024,
month = oct,
volume = {15},
number = {10},
eid = {1211},
pages = {1211},
abstract = "{Drought is a natural phenomenon that has adverse effects on agriculture,
the economy, and human well-being. The primary objective of this
research was to comprehensively understand the drought
conditions in Sistan and Balouchestan Province from 2002 to 2017
from two perspectives: vegetation cover and hydrology. To
achieve this goal, the study utilized MODIS satellite data in
the first part to monitor vegetation cover as an indicator of
agricultural drought. In the second part, GRACE satellite data
were employed to analyze changes in groundwater resources as an
indicator of hydrological drought. To assess vegetation drought,
four indices were used: Vegetation Health Index (VHI),
Vegetation Drought Index (VDI), Visible Infrared Drought Index
(VSDI), and Temperature Vegetation Drought Index (TVDI). To
validate vegetation drought indices, they were compared with
Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) precipitation data.
The vegetation indices showed a strong, statistically
significant correlation with GLDAS precipitation data in most
regions of the province. Among all indices, the VHI showed the
highest correlation with precipitation (moderate (0.3─0.7) in
51.7\% and strong ({\ensuremath{\geq}}0.7) in 45.82\% of lands).
The output of vegetation indices revealed that the study
province has experienced widespread drought in recent years. The
results showed that the southern and central regions of the
province have faced more severe drought classes. In the second
part of this research, hydrological drought monitoring was
conducted in fifty third-order sub-basins located within the
study province using the Total Water Storage (TWS) deficit,
Drought Severity, and Total Storage Deficit Index (TSDI Index).
Annual average calculations of the TWS deficit over the period
from April 2012 to 2016 indicated a substantial depletion of
groundwater reserves in the province, amounting to a cumulative
loss of 12.2 km$^{3}$ Analysis results indicate that drought
severity continuously increased in all study basins until the
end of the study period. Studies have shown that all the studied
basins are facing severe and prolonged water scarcity. Among the
50 studied basins, the Rahmatabad basin, located in the semi-
arid northern regions of the province, has experienced the most
severe drought. This basin has experienced five drought events,
particularly one lasting 89 consecutive months and causing a
reduction of more than 665.99 km$^{3}$. of water in month 1,
placing it in a critical condition. On the other hand, the
Niskoofan Chabahar basin, located in the tropical southern part
of the province near the Sea of Oman, has experienced the lowest
reduction in water volume with 10 drought events and a decrease
of approximately 111.214 km$^{3}$. in month 1. However, even
this basin has not been spared from prolonged droughts. Analysis
of drought index graphs across different severity classes
confirmed that all watersheds experienced drought conditions,
particularly in the later years of this period. Data analysis
revealed a severe water crisis in the province. Urgent and
coordinated actions are needed to address this challenge.
Transitioning to drought-resistant crops, enhancing irrigation
efficiency, and securing water rights are essential steps
towards a sustainable future.}",
doi = {10.3390/atmos15101211},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Atmos..15.1211O},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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