Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere Using GNSS Slant TEC Obtained From LEO Satellites

Schreiter, Lucas, Brack, Andreas, Männel, Benjamin, Schuh, Harald, Arnold, Daniel, and Jäggi, Adrian, 2024. Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere Using GNSS Slant TEC Obtained From LEO Satellites. Radio Science, 59(12):2024RS008058, doi:10.1029/2024RS008058.

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@ARTICLE{2024RaSc...5908058S,
       author = {{Schreiter}, Lucas and {Brack}, Andreas and {M{\"a}nnel}, Benjamin and {Schuh}, Harald and {Arnold}, Daniel and {J{\"a}ggi}, Adrian},
        title = "{Imaging of the Ionosphere and Plasmasphere Using GNSS Slant TEC Obtained From LEO Satellites}",
      journal = {Radio Science},
     keywords = {ionosphere, GNSS, LEO satellites, inversion, signal propagation, model estimation},
         year = 2024,
        month = dec,
       volume = {59},
       number = {12},
        pages = {2024RS008058},
     abstract = "{Satellites with dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems
        (GNSS) receivers can measure integrated electron density, known
        as slant Total Electron Content (sTEC), between the receiver and
        transmitter. Precise relative variations of sTEC are achievable
        using phase measurements on L1 and L2 frequencies, yielding an
        accuracy of around 0.1 TECU or better. However, CubeSats like
        Spire LEMUR, with simpler setups (e.g., patch antennas) and code
        noise in the order of several meters, face limitations in
        accuracy. Their precision, determined by phase observations,
        remains in the 0.1{\textendash}0.3 TECU range. With a
        substantial number of observations and comprehensive coverage of
        lines of sight between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and GNSS
        satellites, global electron density can be reconstructed from
        sTEC measurements. Utilizing 27 satellites from various
        missions, including Swarm, Gravity Recovery And Climate
        Experiment Follow-On, Jason-3, Sentinel 1/2/3, COSMIC-2, and
        Spire CubeSats, a cubic B-spline expansion in magnetic latitude,
        magnetic local time, and altitude is employed to model the
        logarithmic electron density. Hourly snapshots of the three-
        dimensional electron density are generated, adjusting the model
        parameters through non-linear least squares based on sTEC
        observations. Results demonstrate that including Spire
        significantly enhances estimates, showcasing exceptional
        agreement with in situ observations from Swarm and Defense
        Meteorological Satellite Program LEO satellites. The model
        outperforms contemporary climatological models, such as
        International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2020 and the neural
        network-based NET model. Validation efforts include comparisons
        with ground-based sTEC measurements, space-based vertical TEC
        from Jason-3 altimetry, and global TEC maps from the Center for
        Orbit Determination in Europe and the German Research Center for
        Geosciences (GFZ).}",
          doi = {10.1029/2024RS008058},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024RaSc...5908058S},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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