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Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces

Wang, Yanying, Wang, Xianzhi, and Zhao, Longxue, 2025. Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces. PLoS ONE, 20(8):e0328674, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0328674.

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BibTeX

@ARTICLE{2025PLoSO..2028674W,
       author = {{Wang}, Yanying and {Wang}, Xianzhi and {Zhao}, Longxue},
        title = "{Examination of the spatial-temporal variations in terrestrial water reserves and green efficiency of water resources in China's three northeastern provinces}",
      journal = {PLoS ONE},
         year = 2025,
        month = aug,
       volume = {20},
       number = {8},
        pages = {e0328674},
     abstract = "{Using technological advancements and analyzing urban water consumption
        patterns, this article employs GRACE satellite data and
        statistical records to conduct a comprehensive assessment and
        evaluation of water resource utilization efficiency across 34
        prefecture-level cities in China's three northeastern
        provinces{\textemdash}Liaoning, Jilin, and
        Heilongjiang{\textemdash}over the period spanning from 2003 to
        2020. By utilizing the sophisticated Super-SBM model, the study
        delves into the spatial and temporal variations in terrestrial
        water reserves and green water usage efficiency. Additionally,
        the Tobit model is introduced to investigate the influencing
        factors of water resource utilization efficiency. The primary
        findings of the study are outlined below: The spatial
        distribution of terrestrial water resources in the three
        northeastern provinces reveals a clear north-south gradient,
        with abundant resources in the northern regions and scarcity in
        the southern parts. Seasonal fluctuations, albeit present, are
        relatively modest, with higher water storage levels typically
        observed in spring and summer, and lower levels in autumn and
        winter. Regarding the static water use efficiency among the 34
        prefecture-level cities, Panjin stands out with the highest
        efficiency, whereas Qiqihar ranks lowest. Notably, 91.18\% of
        the cities exhibit medium to high efficiency levels, reflecting
        commendable performance in water utilization throughout the
        region. Almost half of the cities have experienced an
        improvement in their water use efficiency compared to the
        previous year, signaling a gradual enhancement in water
        utilization capabilities. The average total factor productivity
        across the three northeastern provinces stands at 1.012,
        representing an annual growth rate of 1.2\%. The efficiency of
        water resource utilization in these provinces is intricately
        linked to the technological progress index. To enhance water
        resource utilization efficiency, it is imperative to introduce
        advanced technologies, increase research investments, and foster
        technological advancements.}",
          doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0328674},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025PLoSO..2028674W},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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