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Long-term projections of global groundwater storage under future climate change scenarios using deep learning

Patra, Sumriti Ranjan, Chu, Hone-Jay, and Tatas, 2025. Long-term projections of global groundwater storage under future climate change scenarios using deep learning. Science of the Total Environment, 1009:181043, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181043.

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BibTeX

@ARTICLE{2025ScTEn100981043P,
       author = {{Patra}, Sumriti Ranjan and {Chu}, Hone-Jay and {Tatas}},
        title = "{Long-term projections of global groundwater storage under future climate change scenarios using deep learning}",
      journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
     keywords = {AI, Climate change, CMIP6, GRACE, Groundwater storage},
         year = 2025,
        month = dec,
       volume = {1009},
          eid = {181043},
        pages = {181043},
     abstract = "{As climate change accelerates, understanding its impact on groundwater
        dynamics is essential for sustainable water management. This
        study employs a climate-induced AI model to project global
        variations in GRACE-derived groundwater storage (GWS) under
        future scenarios e.g. CMIP6 SSPs until 2100. The model
        demonstrates robust predictive performance, yielding NRMSE below
        0.1 and IOA exceeding 0.9 across most regions worldwide. A
        feature sensitivity analysis revealed maximum temperature (<mml:
        math><mml:msup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>max</mml:mi></mml:msup>
        </mml:math>) as the dominant driver: an increase in <mml:math><m
        ml:msup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>max</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:m
        ath> led to the largest absolute GWS changes, followed by
        precipitation and minimum temperature. Spatial map of
        projections at global scale under the high-emission SSP585
        scenario indicate that tropical and temperate regions may face
        the most pronounced GWS declines, particularly when <mml:math><m
        ml:msup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>max</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:m
        ath> exceeds 3 {\textdegree}C. Arid zones are projected to
        experience moderately high losses in comparison, while colder
        regions may see slight gains. Temperature extremes are projected
        to increase evaporative and crop water demand, as well as
        domestic and irrigation dependence, thereby intensifying
        groundwater stress, particularly in densely populated and
        agriculture-dependent regions. By 2100, over half of the world's
        population is expected to inhabit regions facing a decline in
        GWS, while major aquifers are projected to experience GWS
        declines, with the Ogallala Aquifer potentially losing up to 40
        \% under severe warming conditions. These findings underscore
        the importance of integrating climate-induced groundwater
        changes into future water resource planning at a global scale.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181043},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ScTEn100981043P},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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