Mon Oct 13, F. Flechtner
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Hong, Yu, Deng, Yue, Cai, Lei, Ridley, Aaron, Lu, Gang, Maute, Astrid, Waters, Colin, and Rowland, Douglas, 2025. Temporal and Spatial Variability of Multiscale Neutral Density Perturbations During Storm-Time: Insights From Multi-Satellite Observations. Space Weather, 23(6):e2025SW004406, doi:10.1029/2025SW00440610.22541/essoar.174231279.96079481/v1.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2025SpWea..2304406H,
author = {{Hong}, Yu and {Deng}, Yue and {Cai}, Lei and {Ridley}, Aaron and {Lu}, Gang and {Maute}, Astrid and {Waters}, Colin and {Rowland}, Douglas},
title = "{Temporal and Spatial Variability of Multiscale Neutral Density Perturbations During Storm-Time: Insights From Multi-Satellite Observations}",
journal = {Space Weather},
keywords = {thermospheric dynamics, neutral density perturbations, multi-satellite, temporal-spatial variations, geomagnetic storm, numerical simulation},
year = 2025,
month = jun,
volume = {23},
number = {6},
eid = {e2025SW004406},
pages = {e2025SW004406},
abstract = "{The neutral density perturbations exhibit multiscale features during
geomagnetic storms, playing a crucial role in ionosphere-
thermosphere (I-T) dynamics. However, the variations across
various temporal and spatial scales remain underexplored. This
study compared Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
satellite data with simulations of Global Ionosphere-
Thermosphere Model (GITM) during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day
storm. In general, GITM captures large- and mesoscale density
structures well, with some underestimations of mesoscale
variations due to inaccuracy in the geomagnetic forcing.
GRACE-A/B distinguish between temporal and spatial variations,
revealing enhanced mesoscale structures at high latitudes over
35 s (temporal) and 220 km (spatial) scales. Virtual satellite
results show that three latitudinally spaced satellites
efficiently capture the longitudinal propagation of the large-
scale traveling atmospheric disturbances (LSTADs), while six
longitudinally spaced satellites ($30{}^{\circ}$ apart)
significantly improve polar map accuracy. The logarithmic
string-of-pearl configuration in the latitudinal plane
adequately extracts neutral density variations across different
temporal and spatial scales. Temporal variations, ${\Delta }\rho
$, increase with the time scale with a threshold of 3 min for
clear detection, while the change rate, ${\Delta }\rho /{\Delta
}t$, decreases with time. Spatial variation in magnitude
increases with spatial scale with a threshold of $3.5{}^{\circ}$
or 418 km to generate clear variation (>10\%). However, the
neutral density gradient, ${\Delta }\rho /{\Delta
}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{m}$, remains roughly the same on different
spatial scales. Coherence analysis was applied to assess the
relationship between satellite distance and observed scales,
highlighting the importance of multi-satellite observations in
understanding of multiscale thermosphere dynamics.}",
doi = {10.1029/2025SW00440610.22541/essoar.174231279.96079481/v1},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025SpWea..2304406H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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Mon Oct 13, F. Flechtner