Thu Oct 08, F. Flechtner
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Stumpe, Lone, Dill, Robert, Jensen, Laura, and Dobslaw, Henryk, 2026. Do ENSO–driven hydrological mass redistributions leave a detectable imprint on interannual Length–of–Day variations?. Earth, Planets and Space, 78(1):200, doi:10.1186/s40623-026-02524-6.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2026EPS...78..200S,
author = {{Stumpe}, Lone and {Dill}, Robert and {Jensen}, Laura and {Dobslaw}, Henryk},
title = "{Do ENSO-driven hydrological mass redistributions leave a detectable imprint on interannual Length-of-Day variations?}",
journal = {Earth, Planets and Space},
keywords = {Length-of-Day variations, GRACE/-FO satellite gravimetry, Terrestrial water storage anomalies, El Ni{\~n}o Southern Oscillation},
year = 2026,
month = sep,
volume = {78},
number = {1},
eid = {200},
pages = {200},
abstract = "{The El Ni{\~n}o--Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of
interannual climate variability, influencing terrestrial water
storage (TWS) via atmospheric teleconnections and thereby
affecting the Earth's rotation through hydrological angular
momentum (HAM) variations. To assess the relevance of these
hydrological signals, we construct excitation budgets of the
axial effective angular momentum and compare them with geodetic
excitation from the IERS EOP 20 C04 series. On interannual time
scales, the HAM contribution remains small due to the dominance
of atmospheric angular momentum and partial compensation by
barystatic ocean adjustments. Nevertheless, noticeable
differences between the tested hydrological data sets are found.
The hydrological model Open Source (OS) LISFLOOD slightly
improves the budget closure, while the Land Surface Discharge
Model (LSDM) reduces the agreement with geodetic excitation. We,
therefore, revisit regional ENSO--TWS relationships and their
contribution to axial HAM variability by comparing model-based
TWS (OS LISFLOOD and LSDM) with respect to the satellite-based
TWS observations from the GRACE/GRACE-FO missions. Lagged cross-
correlation analyses identify regions with significant and
temporally coherent responses to ENSO, from which basin-
integrated HAM functions are derived. An EOF decomposition is
used to quantify their contribution to hydrologically excited
Length-of-Day (LOD) variability. The results reveal a robust
ENSO-related signal in interannual HAM variability, dominated by
a small number of tropical basins, with the Amazon basin
emerging as the most influential contributor across all data
sets. This indicates a low effective spatial dimensionality of
the ENSO--HAM coupling. Among the data sets, OS LISFLOOD
provides the best agreement with interannual variability, likely
reflecting its more detailed representation of hydrological
processes, whereas the older LSDM exhibits artificial
variability linked to changes in atmospheric forcing of ECMWF
operational data and the outdated ERA40 and ERA-Interim
reanalyses. GRACE/GRACE-FO confirms the large-scale ENSO signal
but is limited by the relatively short observational record.}",
doi = {10.1186/s40623-026-02524-6},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026EP&S...78..200S},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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