Mon Dec 15, F. Flechtner
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Chen, Tao and Ding, Hao, 2026. Comparative analysis of the impact of different environmental loading products on contemporary vertical land motion of mainland China from multigeodetic measurements. Geophysical Journal International, 244(1):ggaf407, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf407.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2026GeoJI.244..407C,
author = {{Chen}, Tao and {Ding}, Hao},
title = "{Comparative analysis of the impact of different environmental loading products on contemporary vertical land motion of mainland China from multigeodetic measurements}",
journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
keywords = {Loading of the Earth, Satellite geodesy, Asia, Time-series analysis, Hydrology; Global change from geodesy},
year = 2026,
month = jan,
volume = {244},
number = {1},
eid = {ggaf407},
pages = {ggaf407},
abstract = "{The elastic deformation of Earth's surface caused by internal mass
distribution varies significantly across loading models,
especially in high-precision applications. Although several
studies have applied loading corrections to Global Navigation
Satellite System (GNSS) time-series in mainland China,
discrepancies between models, particularly those involving
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and its
downscaled derivatives, remain insufficiently explored.
Moreover, previous research has not comprehensively assessed
vertical crustal deformation after applying different
environmental loading corrections. This study systematically
evaluates the correction effects of various environmental
loading models on GNSS vertical displacements across mainland
China, generating vertical velocity maps along with their
associated uncertainties. The results show that hydrological
loading (HYDL) has the most significant impact on GNSS vertical
displacements, whereas non-tidal oceanic loading (NTOL) has the
least effect. Substantial differences exist between various HYDL
models, while discrepancies between non-tidal atmospheric
loading and NTOL models are relatively minor. A comparison of
correction effects between the HYDL model and GRACE data reveals
that the HYDL model offers more accurate corrections, whereas
downscaled GRACE data demonstrates improved performance,
underscoring its potential advantages. After applying loading
corrections and filtering common mode error, the uncertainty in
GNSS vertical velocity is notably reduced, although velocity
variation remains small. This effect is also evident in seasonal
variations. Furthermore, a comparison of vertical land motion
(VLM) constrained by different HYDL models and downscaled GRACE
data with VLM constrained by an independent land─water fusion
model reveals higher consistency between the downscaled GRACE
data and the independent model in the North China and
northwestern Tianshan regions, suggesting that VLM derived from
downscaled GRACE data may be more reliable. We also quantify the
combined impact of geocentre motion and glacial isostatic
adjustment on the VLM trend across mainland China, estimated it
at approximately 0.13 mm yr$^{{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. While the
spatial characteristics of the VLM trend show minimal changes
after correction, its intensity is significantly affected. This
study provides crucial insights into the correcting of
environmental loading effects in GNSS vertical displacements and
contributes the latest observational results on vertical crustal
deformation in mainland China.}",
doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaf407},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026GeoJI.244..407C},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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Mon Dec 15, F. Flechtner