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Liaqat, Muhammad Usman, Camici, Stefania, Leopardi, Francesco, Gaona, Jaime, and Brocca, Luca, 2026. Beyond GRACE: Evaluating the benefits of NGGM and MAGIC for precipitation estimation over Europe. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 30(15):4969–4983, doi:10.5194/hess-30-4969-2026.
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@ARTICLE{2026HESS...30.4969L,
author = {{Liaqat}, Muhammad Usman and {Camici}, Stefania and {Leopardi}, Francesco and {Gaona}, Jaime and {Brocca}, Luca},
title = "{Beyond GRACE: Evaluating the benefits of NGGM and MAGIC for precipitation estimation over Europe}",
journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
year = 2026,
month = aug,
volume = {30},
number = {15},
pages = {4969-4983},
abstract = "{The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On
(GRACE-FO) missions provide observations of terrestrial water
storage (TWS) dynamics from regional to global scales. However,
their coarse spatio-temporal resolution limits the applicability
in many hydrological studies. A joint collaboration between the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the
European Space Agency (ESA), known as the Mass Change And
Geosciences International Constellation (MAGIC), aims to launch
a new paired mission, i.e., GRACE-C and NGGM (Next Generation
Gravity Mission), to improve the monitoring of extreme events
such as floods and droughts. The primary objective of this study
is to examine the impact of the expected improvement in the
spatial-temporal resolution and accuracy of NGGM and MAGIC on
precipitation estimation by developing multiple synthetic
experiments over Europe. The study employed the well-known
SM2RAIN algorithm to estimate the precipitation accumulated
between two consecutive TWS measurements. The total amount of
water in the soil from the fifth generation ECMWF reanalysis for
the land (ERA5L) is used as a proxy of TWS over the period
2003â2012, while ERA5L precipitation serves as a reference
dataset. The results showed that SM2RAIN exhibited satisfactory
performance at a daily temporal resolution, with a mean
correlation coefficient of 0.86. Good agreement was obtained
across most of Europe except in some areas of northern Italy,
northeastern Europe (Estonia, Latvia) and some coastal regions.
Synthetic experiments were developed by degrading the temporal
resolution (5â10, 15, and 30 d) and by adding Gaussian errors to
TWS data ranging from 1 to 40 mm. The results showed robust
performance under moderate temporal degradation (5â10 d) and low
measurement errors ( 5 mm), with correlations generally
exceeding 0.75. However, performance deteriorates significantly
when errors exceed 10â20 mm, with correlations dropping below
0.40 for an error of 42 mm. These findings identify critical
design thresholds for NGGM/MAGIC missions, demonstrating that
achieving a measurement accuracy better than 5â10 mm is crucial
for reliable precipitation estimation across diverse European
hydroclimatic conditions.}",
doi = {10.5194/hess-30-4969-2026},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026HESS...30.4969L},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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