Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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A multi-objective comparative framework for Enhanced GRACE-Groundwater comparative analysis

Akl, Mohamed, Thomas, Brian F., and Clarke, Peter J., 2026. A multi-objective comparative framework for Enhanced GRACE-Groundwater comparative analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 664:134403, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134403.

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@ARTICLE{2026JHyd..66434403A,
       author = {{Akl}, Mohamed and {Thomas}, Brian F. and {Clarke}, Peter J.},
        title = "{A multi-objective comparative framework for Enhanced GRACE-Groundwater comparative analysis}",
      journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
     keywords = {GRACE, GRACE-Groundwater assessments, Water budget components, Multi-objective Analysis, Uncertainty},
         year = 2026,
        month = jan,
       volume = {664},
          eid = {134403},
        pages = {134403},
     abstract = "{Accurate monitoring of groundwater resources is essential for
        sustainable water management, especially under escalating
        pressures from climate variability and intensive human
        activities. Despite significant advancements provided by the
        Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites in
        monitoring terrestrial water storage anomalies (GRACE-TWSA),
        isolating representative groundwater signals (GRACE-GWA) remains
        challenging. This is primarily due to uncertainties in
        complementary water budget components, which are essential for
        disaggregating GRACE-TWSA. While multi-model approaches to
        deriving GRACE-GWA can account for these uncertainties,
        systematic frameworks to objectively compare and constrain
        multi-model realizations against observed groundwater data
        remain scarce. To address this gap, we apply a multi-objective
        comparative framework employing Nash─Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE)
        and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) metrics to compare multi-model
        GRACE-GWA realizations against in-situ basin-scale groundwater
        anomalies. Although these metrics are widely used in the
        hydrologic community, their combined application for GRACE-GWA
        evaluation is uncommon. Unlike conventional correlation-based
        approaches, our framework captures critical aspects of time
        series similarity, including seasonal amplitude fidelity and
        magnitude consistency, thus enabling clearer identification of
        optimal groundwater storage realizations. Our findings reveal
        significant uncertainty between multi-model groundwater storage
        trend and seasonal amplitude, emphasizing critical limitations
        often overlooked in standard GRACE-GWA assessments. By
        systematically isolating the most hydrologically consistent
        realizations, our framework significantly enhances the
        reliability, interpretability, and applicability of GRACE-based
        groundwater estimates. This methodological framework supports
        more accurate groundwater monitoring, strengthens data-driven
        decision-making processes, and ultimately contributes toward
        ensuring the long-term sustainability and resilience of vital
        groundwater resources.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134403},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026JHyd..66434403A},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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