Thu Oct 08, F. Flechtner
• Sorted by Date • Sorted by Last Name of First Author •
Zhang, Bo, Tang, Jiakui, and Cao, Danping, 2026. Comparison and Analysis of Four Terrestrial Water Storage Monitoring Models: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau. Remote Sensing, 18(16):2732, doi:10.3390/rs18162732.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2026RemS...18.2732Z,
author = {{Zhang}, Bo and {Tang}, Jiakui and {Cao}, Danping},
title = "{Comparison and Analysis of Four Terrestrial Water Storage Monitoring Models: A Case Study of the Loess Plateau}",
journal = {Remote Sensing},
keywords = {terrestrial water storage, multi-model comparison, GLDAS, GRACE, GNSS, fusion model},
year = 2026,
month = aug,
volume = {18},
number = {16},
eid = {2732},
pages = {2732},
abstract = "{What are the main findings? GRACE-, GLDAS-, GNSS-, and joint-inversion
estimates reveal clear model-dependent differences in
terrestrial water storage change over the Loess Plateau,
particularly in long-term trend magnitude and seasonal behavior.
GNSS-derived EWH shows a weaker long-term trend and stronger
seasonal variability than the other estimates, suggesting that
local non-elastic or non-TWS deformation processes may affect
deformation-based inversion. GRACE-, GLDAS-, GNSS-, and joint-
inversion estimates reveal clear model-dependent differences in
terrestrial water storage change over the Loess Plateau,
particularly in long-term trend magnitude and seasonal behavior.
GNSS-derived EWH shows a weaker long-term trend and stronger
seasonal variability than the other estimates, suggesting that
local non-elastic or non-TWS deformation processes may affect
deformation-based inversion. What are the implications of the
main finding? GRACE- and GNSS-based TWSC estimates in
geologically and anthropogenically complex regions should be
interpreted with explicit consideration of soil erosion, loess
collapsibility, mining disturbance, and other non-loading
effects. The joint GNSS--GRACE inversion provides a weighted
integrated estimate that improves consistency with the selected
hydrological model benchmark. However, this does not prove that
changes in the quality of non-TWS materials or non-elastic
deformation have been ruled out. GRACE- and GNSS-based TWSC
estimates in geologically and anthropogenically complex regions
should be interpreted with explicit consideration of soil
erosion, loess collapsibility, mining disturbance, and other
non-loading effects. The joint GNSS--GRACE inversion provides a
weighted integrated estimate that improves consistency with the
selected hydrological model benchmark. However, this does not
prove that changes in the quality of non-TWS materials or non-
elastic deformation have been ruled out. Accurate estimation of
terrestrial water storage change (TWSC) remains challenging in
regions where hydrological variability interacts with complex
geological conditions and intensive human activities. Taking the
Loess Plateau (LP) in the middle Yellow River region as a case
study, this work integrates GLDAS simulations, GRACE
observations, GNSS vertical-displacement records, a joint GNSS--
GRACE inversion, and meteorological data for 2013--2024 to
investigate regional TWS variability and model-dependent
discrepancies. The results show that GLDAS, GRACE, GNSS, and the
joint solution exhibit distinct temporal trends and spatial
patterns. GRACE indicates a stronger long-term depletion signal,
whereas GNSS-derived equivalent water height (EWH), which relies
on the assumption of elastic surface loading, shows a weaker
trend but stronger seasonal variability. This discrepancy
suggests that GNSS-based inversion over the LP may be affected
by non-elastic or non-loading deformation processes, such as
wetting-induced loess collapse, aquifer compaction, mining-
related subsidence, and other near-surface effects. In contrast,
GRACE may include non-TWS mass redistribution associated with
soil erosion and mineral exploitation. The joint solution is
more consistent with the GLDAS-derived hydrological model
benchmark than either single geodetic estimate, but this
agreement should not be interpreted as direct proof of higher
accuracy or complete removal of non-hydrological effects.
Overall, this study highlights the need to diagnose model-
dependent discrepancies, effective spatial resolution, and non-
loading deformation when applying GRACE- and GNSS-based
approaches to TWSC estimation in geologically and
anthropogenically complex regions.}",
doi = {10.3390/rs18162732},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026RemS...18.2732Z},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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