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Gourley, Kenneth C., Bennett, Richard A., and Harig, Christopher, 2026. Quantifying Changes in Water Loading in the U.S. Southwest via Comparison of GNSS, GRACE, and SWE Data Sets. Water Resources Research, 62(2):e2025WR040324, doi:10.1029/2025WR04032410.31223/x54134.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2026WRR....6240324G,
author = {{Gourley}, Kenneth C. and {Bennett}, Richard A. and {Harig}, Christopher},
title = "{Quantifying Changes in Water Loading in the U.S. Southwest via Comparison of GNSS, GRACE, and SWE Data Sets}",
journal = {Water Resources Research},
keywords = {hydrogeodesy, GRACE, GNSS, SWE, Colorado river basin, Geophysics and Seismology},
year = 2026,
month = feb,
volume = {62},
number = {2},
eid = {e2025WR040324},
pages = {e2025WR040324},
abstract = "{We use geodetic data to show that hydrologically distinct sub-regions in
the Southwest United States act independently of one another.
The limited number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
stations and resolution of Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment (GRACE) make hydrological partitioning difficult to
unravel, especially in the Colorado River Basin which comprises
a diversity of climates due to its highly variable topography.
Here, we compare GNSS station vertical displacement data, GRACE
surface mass change data, and snow water equivalent (SWE) data
using elastic surface displacement modeling and signal
localization techniques. We focus on a region composed of
Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah, allowing for the
examination of variations in the Colorado River Basin, the
primary source of water for the region's municipalities,
agriculture, and ecosystems. We demonstrate that the
accumulation and melt of snow have a first-order control on the
timing of vertical displacement in this region. There exists a
region-dependent seasonal partitioning between when GNSS and
GRACE sense changes in the distribution of terrestrial water
storage. In the Wasatch Range of central Utah, GNSS stations
sense loading due to changes in the snowpack one to 2 months in
advance of GRACE; in the Southern Rocky Mountains of Colorado,
GNSS stations sense loading due to changes in the snowpack one
to 3 months in advance of GRACE; and in the lower Colorado River
Basin of Arizona, GRACE senses loading due to changes in river
runoff three or more months in advance of GNSS stations.}",
doi = {10.1029/2025WR04032410.31223/x54134},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026WRR....6240324G},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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