Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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The Effects of Planting Structure on Groundwater Depletion and Optimization Strategies in the North China Plain

Jia, Chengru, Sun, Shikun, Liang, Yongshan, Shen, Ruihua, Zhao, Jinfeng, Yin, Yali, Wang, Yubao, and Zhao, Xining, 2026. The Effects of Planting Structure on Groundwater Depletion and Optimization Strategies in the North China Plain. Water Resources Research, 62(2):e2025WR041114, doi:10.1029/2025WR041114.

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@ARTICLE{2026WRR....6241114J,
       author = {{Jia}, Chengru and {Sun}, Shikun and {Liang}, Yongshan and {Shen}, Ruihua and {Zhao}, Jinfeng and {Yin}, Yali and {Wang}, Yubao and {Zhao}, Xining},
        title = "{The Effects of Planting Structure on Groundwater Depletion and Optimization Strategies in the North China Plain}",
      journal = {Water Resources Research},
     keywords = {GRACE, groundwater, north China plain, optimized planting structure},
         year = 2026,
        month = feb,
       volume = {62},
       number = {2},
          eid = {e2025WR041114},
        pages = {e2025WR041114},
     abstract = "{Planting structure drive agricultural water use and is critical to
        groundwater depletion in the North China Plain (NCP). However,
        the effects of planting structure changes on groundwater
        depletion are rarely quantified, and severely depleted areas are
        often overlooked in previous planting structure optimization
        studies. This study developed a groundwater stress index (GWSI)
        to assess current groundwater drought and future risks and
        identify high groundwater stress zones (HGSZ). Groundwater
        depletion was estimated by integrating land surface model and
        AquaCrop outputs. A structural equation model was developed to
        assess the effects of planting structure to groundwater
        depletion, and a GWSI-based optimization model was proposed to
        alleviate groundwater depletion, particularly in HGSZ. Results
        identified an HGSZ near the Henan─Hebei border, where the
        groundwater decline rate ({\ensuremath{-}}21.90 mm/year) was
        more than twice the NCP average ({\ensuremath{-}}8.73 mm/year).
        Under present planting structures, groundwater use remained
        unsustainable, with annual consumption exceeding recharge by
        46.53 mm/year across the NCP and 97.09 mm/year in the HGSZ.
        Depletion was primarily affected by the planting area and
        spatial dispersion of winter wheat. Planting area expansion
        mitigated the effect of spatial redistribution on groundwater
        depletion, and it varied by crop. The optimization model reduced
        net groundwater depletion by 30.61 mm/year in the NCP and 63.23
        mm/year in the HGSZ. The results highlighted the need to adjust
        planting structures, and revealed the effects to groundwater
        depletion, and demonstrated that partially converting rotation
        areas to single-season cropping and shifting the rest
        southeastward effectively alleviated groundwater depletion.
        These findings provided an evidence base for designing region-
        specific groundwater-resource management strategies in the NCP.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2025WR041114},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026WRR....6241114J},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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